PCV Theory Test: Braking Systems

There are 47 PCV theory test Braking Systems questions. You must get 85% (40 out of 47) to pass the test. You may review answers after each question by clicking the 'check answer' button or you can wait until the end of the test for your final score. Good luck!

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A They allow you to follow other vehicles more closely
B They enable you to brake later than normal
C They help you keep steering control while braking heavily
D They let you drive faster on wet roads
Correct Answer: C They help you keep steering control while braking heavily
Explanation: When your steering wheels are locked - as can happen in a skid - you can't steer the vehicle. Anti-lock brakes help you to keep steering control while you're braking heavily, but they aren't a substitute for good forward planning. Anticipation and planning ahead will minimise the risk of skidding more effectively than relying on your braking system.
A Moisture drawn in with the air may freeze and cause a blockage
B Moisture in the air may form bubbles in the brake fluid
C The air will contract, reducing the pressure
D The dampness may cause valves to rust
Correct Answer: A Moisture drawn in with the air may freeze and cause a blockage
Explanation: When air is compressed, moisture condenses and collects in the air tanks. This can find its way along the network of pipes connected to the brakes. In frosty weather, the moisture can freeze in the pipes, blocking them completely. On modern vehicles, the air is dried before it's compressed and the air tanks drain automatically to shed any moisture. On older vehicles, the air tanks need draining manually.
A Build up the pressure by accelerating
B Drain the air tanks and continue normally
C Report the fault when you return to your depot
D Stop and get help without delay
Correct Answer: D Stop and get help without delay
Explanation: When a warning light or device indicating a loss of brake pressure comes on, you must stop safely and get the fault put right immediately. The safety of you, your load, your passengers and all other road users is at risk.
A Engage the clutch
B Keep the parking brake on
C Report it as a fault
D Switch your engine off
Correct Answer: B Keep the parking brake on
Explanation: Even though the warning light is showing, there may be sufficient pressure to release the parking brake. However, you mustn't do this, because there may not be enough air pressure to operate the service brake.
A Apply the brakes more quickly
B Brake much later than normal
C Drive at faster speeds
D Stop safely in an emergency
Correct Answer: D Stop safely in an emergency
Explanation: Anti-lock braking systems sense when the wheels are about to lock. The sensor control releases the brakes and immediately applies them again. It will do this many times per second. This both prevents skidding and enables the driver to steer - something that's impossible when the steering wheels are skidding.
A At the start of each working day
B At the start of each working week
C Before each service
D Before every journey
Correct Answer: D Before every journey
Explanation: Modern anti-lock braking systems rely on electronics for their operation. A warning light on the dashboard shows that the system is operating. This light will usually go out when the vehicle reaches about 6 mph (10 km/h).
A Increased brake wear
B Increased effectiveness
C Reduced brake wear
D Reduced effectiveness
Correct Answer: D Reduced effectiveness
Explanation: Before driving a vehicle fitted with anti-lock brakes, refer to the handbook. This will give you details of the manufacturer's recommended method of use. Remember, anti-lock brakes will enhance your skills, but they can't replace them.
A Apply firm, continuous pressure to the brake pedal
B Apply minimum force to the brake pedal
C Pump' the brake pedal harshly
D Use the exhaust brake (retarder) before the footbrake
Correct Answer: A Apply firm, continuous pressure to the brake pedal
Explanation: Applying a firm, continuous brake pressure will enable the anti-lock braking system (ABS) to function properly. However, ABS is becoming increasingly sophisticated, so you should read the vehicle manufacturer's handbook for its advice about using the system.
9. What's 'brake fade'? Mark one answer
A Low hydraulic brake fluid level
B Reduction of air pressure
C Reduction of braking effectiveness
D Smooth progressive braking
Correct Answer: C Reduction of braking effectiveness
Explanation: Continually using the brakes could cause them to overheat. When that happens, they become less effective. This is called brake fade, and it occurs most often when the driver has to control the vehicle's speed on a long downhill gradient. To help prevent brake fade, use the endurance brake (retarder) and a lower gear to keep the vehicle's speed in check, rather than the wheel-mounted brakes.
A On a long downhill gradient
B On a long journey
C On a long uphill gradient
D On the approach to hazards
Correct Answer: A On a long downhill gradient
Explanation: Continuous use of the brakes will cause them to overheat, and in extreme cases they'll become ineffective. When you're going downhill, the momentum of your vehicle will cause you to gather speed very quickly. Use the endurance brake (retarder) and stay in a low gear to reduce the need to use the brakes.
A Partly apply the parking brake
B Put the gear lever into neutral
C Select the vehicle's highest gear
D Use the endurance brake
Correct Answer: D Use the endurance brake
Explanation: When approaching a long hill, you should take note of any early warning signs. Reduce your speed and select the appropriate gear in good time. Using an endurance brake (retarder), if fitted, will help control your speed.
A Brake more gently
B Brake much later
C Maintain steering control
D Stop over a long distance
Correct Answer: C Maintain steering control
Explanation: Anti-lock brakes are a driver aid, and can help you maintain steering control while braking. However, you mustn't rely on them to get you out of trouble or expect to be able to make sudden direction changes if you're going too fast.
A There's no need to alter the way you brake
B There's no need to brake so early
C You'll be able to brake much later
D You'll need to brake more firmly
Correct Answer: A There's no need to alter the way you brake
Explanation: Plan well ahead to enable you to brake normally. Don't rely on anti-lock brakes to compensate for deficiencies in your driving.
A Alongside a bus lane
B Before a motorway exit
C Down a steep hill
D Outside a fire station
Correct Answer: C Down a steep hill
Explanation: An escape lane is for use in emergencies, usually when brakes have become hot and faded or failed completely while descending a long, steep hill. A sign will show you the direction of the road, and a chequered area, usually straight ahead, defines the escape route.
A When carrying a dangerous cargo
B When emergency repairs are needed
C When motorways merge
D When your brakes have failed
Correct Answer: D When your brakes have failed
Explanation: Escape lanes are found on steep downhill sections of road. They're designed to give a 'run-off' area, usually straight ahead, to allow vehicles to stop in an emergency. This is usually when brakes have faded or failed on large vehicles.
A As a way to reduce gear changes
B To improve fuel consumption
C When driving on steep cambers
D While driving down long hills
Correct Answer: D While driving down long hills
Explanation: Plan ahead and use your endurance brake (retarder) to help keep your speed in check on long downhill gradients. This can help to prevent your brakes from overheating and fading.
A The anti-lock braking system
B The endurance brake (retarder)
C The footbrake
D The secondary brake
Correct Answer: B The endurance brake (retarder)
Explanation: Endurance brakes or 'retarders' help to control a vehicle's speed. They operate by applying resistance to slow the vehicle without using the wheel brakes, so avoiding brake fade. The methods used include: increased engine braking, exhaust braking and transmission-mounted devices.
A A differential lock
B A secondary brake
C An emergency air system
D An endurance brake (retarder)
Correct Answer: D An endurance brake (retarder)
Explanation: Large vehicles can be fitted with various types of endurance brake (retarder). Make sure you're familiar with how the system operates on the vehicle you're using. Don't risk a crash or collision through ignorance.
A On long downhill slopes
B On motorways only
C When braking quickly
D When you stop or park
Correct Answer: A On long downhill slopes
Explanation: An endurance brake can help to control your speed on long downhill slopes without using the service brake. Reducing the use of the service brake helps to prevent the brakes from overheating and reduces the risk of brake fade.
A As close to the bend as possible
B As you start to turn the wheel
C When driving in a straight line
D When halfway around the bend
Correct Answer: C When driving in a straight line
Explanation: When a vehicle changes direction, forces are applied to the vehicle and its load. Braking at the same time can result in additional forces being introduced, and this can lead to a loss of control. For this reason, braking should be carried out while driving in a straight line, so preventing these forces from acting together.
A Be prepared to reduce your speed
B Brake hard to allow the other driver to cut in
C Continue at the same speed
D Increase your speed and force the lorry to drop back
Correct Answer: A Be prepared to reduce your speed
Explanation: Always be prepared to give way to overtaking lorries or buses. Maintaining your speed will only block the motorway to other traffic unnecessarily. You may find yourself in a similar situation if the limiter on your vehicle doesn't allow you enough speed to successfully overtake another vehicle.
A Avoid braking until the brakes have dried out
B Carry out an emergency stop
C Drive in a low gear with the footbrake lightly applied
D Pump the footbrake when approaching hazards
Correct Answer: C Drive in a low gear with the footbrake lightly applied
Explanation: If you have to drive through a flood, do so with caution. Once out of the flood, you need to test your brakes to make sure they're working properly. To do this, check what's behind you, then drive in a low gear with the brakes gently applied.
A The air brakes
B The cooling system
C The electrical systems
D The tachograph
Correct Answer: A The air brakes
Explanation: Air-brake systems rely on an engine-driven compressor to keep the reservoir tanks at their operating pressure. Coasting downhill and relying on the brakes to control your speed could result in the loss of sufficient air pressure to operate the brakes effectively.
A When the brakes get too cold
B When the brakes get too dry
C When the brakes get too hot
D When the brakes get too wet
Correct Answer: C When the brakes get too hot
Explanation: Continuous use of the brakes can result in them overheating and losing their effectiveness. This is known as 'brake fade' and it's most likely on long downhill gradients.
A Apply the parking brake
B Repeatedly pump the brake pedal
C Select neutral for a short distance
D Use the endurance brake
Correct Answer: D Use the endurance brake
Explanation: Brake fade occurs when the brakes overheat. Good forward planning and correct use of the gears when descending hills, together with proper use of the endurance brake (retarder), can help to prevent brake fade.
A Badly worn brake pads
B Continuous use of the brakes
C Loss of air pressure in the system
D Repeated pumping of the brakes
Correct Answer: B Continuous use of the brakes
Explanation: Continuous use of the brakes on a long downhill gradient can cause them to overheat and become ineffective. This is called brake fade. You should use a low gear to enable the engine's braking effect to help control your speed. Also use the vehicle's retarder, if fitted. As well as reducing the likelihood of brake fade, this helps to keep air pressure in the tanks.
A On downhill gradients
B On slippery roads
C On uneven roads
D On uphill gradients
Correct Answer: B On slippery roads
Explanation: The endurance brake (retarder) slows the vehicle without the use of the wheel-mounted brakes. However, care should be taken in slippery conditions, when the retarder's effect can be powerful enough to cause a skid.
A Because it will cause the air pressure to rise
B Because it will make the warning light go out
C Because the service brake may not stop you
D Because the vehicle will suddenly roll backwards
Correct Answer: C Because the service brake may not stop you
Explanation: Even though a warning device indicates low air-brake pressure, you may still be able to release the parking brake. If you do this and start moving, the service brake may be ineffective and you may not be able to stop.
A The brake-fluid reservoir is empty
B The brakes are locked on fully
C The pedal movement needs adjusting
D The vacuum pump isn't working
Correct Answer: D The vacuum pump isn't working
Explanation: If the brake pedal is hard to press, this could mean a loss of vacuum or a fault in the vacuum pump. You shouldn't drive the vehicle until the fault has been repaired.
A The brake pedal feels hard when pressed
B The brake pedal feels spongy when pressed
C The brake pedal has little resistance
D The brake pedal travels a long way
Correct Answer: A The brake pedal feels hard when pressed
Explanation: The pump creates a vacuum in the servo unit. This reduces the amount of pressure you need to apply to the brake pedal. Without this vacuum, it's extremely difficult to press the brake pedal down.
A The pedal travel requires adjustment
B The vacuum exhauster isn't working
C There isn't enough fluid in the braking system
D There's too much fluid in the braking system
Correct Answer: C There isn't enough fluid in the braking system
Explanation: A loose brake pedal would suggest a serious loss of fluid from the hydraulic system. Don't drive your vehicle until the fault has been checked and fixed by a qualified person.
A The cooling-system fluid level
B The hydraulic-brake fluid level
C The power-steering fluid level
D The windscreen-washer fluid level
Correct Answer: B The hydraulic-brake fluid level
Explanation: It's important to check all fluid levels during your daily checks, but it's especially important to remember the hydraulic fluid reservoir. A loss of fluid could lead to brake failure.
A A buzzer or light
B An increase in pressure on the air gauge
C Brake fade
D The exhaust brake won't work
Correct Answer: A A buzzer or light
Explanation: If a warning buzzer or light alerts you to a loss of air pressure, you should stop on the side of the road immediately. You should have enough air in reserve to allow you to do this safely. Don't start or continue your journey until the fault has been repaired.
Correct Answer: B Blue
Explanation: There are usually four coloured bands on the rev counter: green, amber, blue and red. The blue band will allow you to make the best use of engine braking. Try to keep in this band when going down a steep hill.
A Increased air pressure
B Low air pressure
C The air reservoirs are fully charged
D The parking brake isn't working
Correct Answer: B Low air pressure
Explanation: It's dangerous to drive a vehicle with low air pressure. To alert you to this, all vehicles are fitted with a warning light and/or buzzer. Don't move your vehicle if this warning shows or sounds.
A The brake linings are worn
B The brake shoes need adjusting
C The brake system has a loss of vacuum
D The brake system requires more fluid
Correct Answer: C The brake system has a loss of vacuum
Explanation: A fault in the vacuum pump could be the cause of a stiff brake pedal. There could also be a leaking connection allowing air into the vacuum. Don't continue your journey until the fault has been fixed.
A The brake linings
B The catalytic converter
C The exhaust system
D The transmission
Correct Answer: A The brake linings
Explanation: By using a retarder, the life of the brake linings is extended. This is because a retarder works by slowing the vehicle without using the wheel-mounted brakes.
A Continue to drive the vehicle
B Drain the air tanks
C Pump the brake pedal repeatedly
D Stop and have the fault put right
Correct Answer: D Stop and have the fault put right
Explanation: Air-brake systems are fitted with a warning device that operates if the air pressure in the tanks drops below a safe level. There may be a warning buzzer and/or pressure gauges. You must be aware of the function of all gauges on your vehicle, and check them as you drive.
A Compressed air could escape
B The drive wheels could lock
C Your brakes could overheat
D Your speed could increase
Correct Answer: B The drive wheels could lock
Explanation: Select an appropriate gear in good time and, if your vehicle has a dashboard-mounted lever, apply the endurance brake (retarder) in stages. Braking too much, too soon may result in locking your drive wheels.
A Anti-skid road surfaces
B Brake-pad wear
C The drive wheels locking
D The front wheels spinning
Correct Answer: C The drive wheels locking
Explanation: The endurance brake (retarder) usually operates by applying resistance, via the transmission, to the vehicle's driven wheels. If the road is slippery, the tyres may lose grip and the wheels will lock.
A Assume the system has automatic drain valves
B Find out whether you need to drain the system manually
C Leave the engine running for a while before driving
D Nothing; it's the vehicle owner's responsibility
Correct Answer: B Find out whether you need to drain the system manually
Explanation: Moisture in the braking system can cause serious problems, especially in cold weather, when it could freeze and stop the brakes from working. Most modern vehicles have a system that drains automatically, but make sure you know which system is fitted to any vehicle that you drive.
A Brake pedal needs adjustment
B Engine temperature too low
C Frozen moisture in the storage tanks
D Weak engine anti-freeze mixture
Correct Answer: C Frozen moisture in the storage tanks
Explanation: Air-brake systems use air from the atmosphere, which contains moisture. The moisture condenses under pressure, resulting in water in the system. Make sure the air tanks are drained daily to remove any water and to help prevent the system from freezing in cold weather.
A When road speed is 6 mph (10 km/h) or more
B When the ABS comes into operation
C When the brakes are used for the first time
D When the secondary braking system is used
Correct Answer: A When road speed is 6 mph (10 km/h) or more
Explanation: Every vehicle fitted with anti-lock brakes must have a warning light in the cab of the vehicle. The warnings may differ between manufacturers, but on all types the warning light should come on when the ignition is switched on, and turn off when the vehicle reaches a speed of 6 mph (10 km/h). If the light stays on, there may be a fault; you should have the brakes checked before continuing your journey.
A Anti-lock braking system
B Endurance brake (retarder)
C Secondary brake
D Service brake
Correct Answer: D Service brake
Explanation: The most powerful and effective brake on the vehicle is the service brake, and this should be used in normal circumstances. Well-maintained brakes should apply an even pressure to all the wheels, providing an efficient, controlled stop.
A Apply the parking brake after stopping
B Hold the vehicle on the clutch
C Hold the vehicle on the footbrake
D Select neutral and apply the parking brake
Correct Answer: A Apply the parking brake after stopping
Explanation: As with stopping in any other situation, if you have to make a stop on an uphill gradient, wait until the vehicle has come to a halt before applying the parking brake.
A Adjust your mirrors
B Alter your seat position
C Put your foot on the footbrake
D Signal to move off
Correct Answer: C Put your foot on the footbrake
Explanation: It's important to apply the footbrake before you engage 'D' (or drive), so your vehicle doesn't creep forward or roll back out of control when you're about to move away. This can be dangerous; for example, if there's another road user close behind.
A Avoidance of 'brake fade'
B Improved passenger safety and comfort
C Increased air-brake pressure
D Longer rest periods
Correct Answer: B Improved passenger safety and comfort
Explanation: The way you drive matters. The safety and comfort of your passengers is your priority; if you have the correct attitude when you're driving, your passengers will be assured of a comfortable and pleasant journey. Good forward planning and anticipation will help you avoid having to turn or brake suddenly.