As well as heavy traffic, the driver often has to cope with unpredictable, irrational, offensive and sometimes dangerous driving behaviour. In such conditions, drivers need to learn and practise a suitable strategy.

That strategy is called ‘defensive driving’, sometimes known as ‘planned driving’.

Defensive driving is based on effective observation, good anticipation and control. It’s about always questioning the actions of other road users and being prepared for the unexpected, so as not to be taken by surprise.

Defensive driving involves

awareness
planning
anticipating
staying in control

and driving with

responsibility
care
consideration and courtesy.

Safety

You should put safety above all else. This means having real concern not only for your own safety but also for that of other road users, including the most vulnerable – those walking or riding.

Expect other people to make mistakes, and be ready to slow down or stop – even if you think you have priority.

Never assume that other road users will follow the rules. They may break them, either deliberately or accidentally. Your safety lies mainly in your own hands. The better your control of your vehicle and road space, the safer you’ll be.

A good example

Your driving should always set a good example to other road users, and any passengers you may have.

Your good example could make a deep impression on another driver, especially a learner or inexperienced road user, and perhaps save lives in the future. Good driving practice could also have a positive effect on your passengers – especially children.

Reducing hostility

With defensive driving, you’ll show patience and anticipation. This will help to reduce the number of incidents which result in

open hostility
abusive language
threats
physical violence.

Avoid the kind of driving that

causes offence to other road users
provokes reaction
creates dangerous situations.

Never drive in a spirit of competition on a public road. Competitive or aggressive driving is the opposite of defensive driving. It increases the risks to everyone.

Make allowances

Make allowances if someone pulls out or turns in front of you: hold back and increase the distance between you and them. That way, if they brake suddenly, you’ve given yourself a greater safety margin.

When you check in the mirrors, look and then act sensibly on what you see.

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